With companies falling all over themselves to move their manufacturing out of China to reduce their risks (and their tariffs), my law firm's international manufacturing lawyers are not only hearing from many companies wanting to leave China, but from many companies in big trouble for not having properly engineered their leaving China.
在《在中国避免被劫为人质的最佳方法》一文中,我们曾提到,中国企业和个人常以劫持人质的方式,试图追讨所谓的债务,或抗议裁员及中国工厂的关闭:
本律所建议在中国裁员、关闭工厂或被指控欠债的客户远离中国。本博客的常读读者都知道,我们早就在此问题上持明确立场,从未动摇:
-
- 若你正与中国公司陷入债务纠纷,最明智的做法就是完全不要去中国。
-
- 若你必须前往中国,请考虑雇佣一两名甚至三名保镖,并仔细斟酌住宿地点与出行路线。最重要的是,务必谨慎选择会面对象。
-
- 考虑在某地预先起诉你的所谓债权人,这样你就能合理地声称自己被扣押并非因为欠债,而是对方对你提起诉讼的报复。如果你打算起诉,在中国期间请随身携带诉讼证明文件。
Though China may seem safe, one should absolutely not write off the possibility of violence in one’s business dealings in China. My law firm has helped about a dozen foreign companies navigate their way out of situations where violence was threatened or occurred. We tell our clients that if they owe money to a Chinese company or are involved in any sort of dispute with anyone in China (partner, employee, etc.), they should avoid meeting to discuss the dispute/problem anywhere other than in a neutral, very public place in the day time and they should -- if at all possible -- not go to China or remain in China so long as that dispute might be pending.
同样地,我们也曾多次撰文阐述为何必须提前做好充分准备,才能终止与中国供应商的合作。所谓“提前做好准备”,是指在采取任何可能让中国供应商察觉您计划转往其他地方生产的行为之前,务必确保已收回模具并取回所有已付款的产品。
Not surprisingly, there has been little media coverage about people being held hostage for changing suppliers, but there was this story about a US toy company whose already paid for product was held hostage by a Chinese supplier after learning the US company would be re-shoring its manufacturing to the United States. The article is entitled, Jilted Chinese supplier tells would-be U.S. reshorer -"Not so fast," and it talks about how the Chinese supplier delayed deliveries in an attempt to make it impossible for the American company to start making its toys in the United States.
中国制造商对停止向其采购产品的海外买家进行报复的情况极为普遍。因此,我们建议客户在向现有中国供应商暗示将停止采购之前,就应物色好新的供应商并做好接手准备。
我们之所以给出这一建议,是因为我们的中国律师曾遇到过以下情况:
1.某外资企业告知其中国制造商,将不再委托其进行生产。随后,该中国制造商扣留了外资企业所有的工装和模具,并声称这些属于其所有。这种情况非常普遍。防范之道在于,在您的中国制造商尚未察觉您将终止合作之前,就与其签订协议,明确规定工装和模具归您所有。 如需进一步了解模具协议的重要性,请参阅《如何避免在中国丢失模具/工装》。请务必在您离开中国之前就签署好这份合同。
2.一家美国公司告知其中国制造商,将把生产从中国转移至墨西哥和泰国,随后却发现有人在中国将其品牌名称和标志在墨西哥和泰国注册为商标! 如今,这家美国公司面临着无法在这些国家生产其产品——至少无法使用自己的品牌名称和标志——的困境。防范此类情况的简便方法是:在将生产转移至目标国家之前,趁尚未有人察觉这一动向时,先在该国注册您的品牌名称和标志。您甚至可以考虑以一家不会暴露您离开中国计划的公司名义进行这些注册。
3.一家外资企业告知其中国制造商,将不再委托其生产某款产品。几周后,该外资企业的产品在中国边境被扣押,理由是侵犯了某方的商标权或外观设计专利权。该外资企业(理所当然地)认定其中国制造商是导致产品被扣的幕后黑手,认为该中国制造商早在多年前就在中国将外资企业的品牌名称注册为商标,如今正利用该商标扣押产品以图报复。 中国法律禁止制造商注册其代工客户的商标,但由于几乎无法证明深圳的制造商是让西安的表亲代为注册的,因此此类事件屡见不鲜。您可以通过及时注册中国知识产权,并在任何人知晓您可能撤离之前确保中国知识产权处于最新状态,来防止此类情况发生。
4.某外国公司告知其中国制造商,将不再委托其进行生产。随后,中国制造商表示将不再发货,理由是该外国公司拖欠款项,欠款达数十万美元。 随后,中国制造商向中国出口信用保险公司(Sinosure)举报了该外国制造商,Sinosure随即停止为该外国公司提供产品销售保险,这可能导致该外国公司陷入财务困境,使其难以撤离中国。这种情况也极其常见,本律师事务所在2020年处理的与Sinosure相关的案件数量,至少是往年任何一年的三倍。
5. Foreign company tells its China manufacturer it will be ceasing to use China manufacturer for its production. China manufacturer then either threatens to or actually does hold people from the foreign company hostage for alleged debt. This is China's dirty little secret, but this too is incredibly common and in every single instance where this has happened to one of our clients, the local police have either stayed completely out of it or helped the hostage takers.






