El CBD de cáñamo cruza las fronteras estatales: Nuevo México

La Ley de Mejora de la Agricultura de 2018 (Farm Bill de 2018) legalizó el cáñamo al excluir este cultivo y sus derivados de la definición de marihuana recogida en la Ley de Sustancias Controladas (CSA) y al establecer un marco normativo detallado para su cultivo. La Farm Bill de 2018 otorga al Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (USDA) la competencia reguladora sobre el cultivo de cáñamo a nivel federal. A su vez, los estados tienen la opción de mantener la autoridad reguladora principal sobre el cultivo que se realiza dentro de sus fronteras mediantela presentación de un planal USDA.

Esta interacción entre el ámbito federal y el estatal ha dado lugar a numerosos cambios legislativos y normativos a nivel estatal. De hecho, la mayoría de los estados han presentado (y aprobado) proyectos de ley que autorizarían la producción comercial de cáñamo dentro de sus fronteras. Un número menor, aunque creciente, de estados también regula la venta de productos derivados del cáñamo.

In light of the rapidly evolving legislative changes, we are also presenting a 50-state series analyzing how each jurisdiction treats hemp-derived cannabidiol (Hemp CBD). Today we turn to New Mexico.

In 2017, New Mexico enacted Senate Bill 6, which established an industrial hemp program. The bill tasked the New Mexico Department of Agriculture (“NMDA”) with overseeing the production of the crop.

Two years later, state lawmakers passed House Bill 581, codified, in part, at N.M.S.A. § 76-24, which provides a regulatory framework for the manufacture of Hemp CBD products, also known as “hemp finished products.” A “hemp finished product” is “a hemp product that is intended for retail sale and containing hemp or hemp extracts that includes food, food additives and herbs for human use, including consumption, that has a THC content of not more than three-tenths percent.” Unlike industrial hemp, hemp finished products are regulated by the New Mexico Environment Department (“NMED”).

Following the enactment of House Bill 581, the NMED began the rulemaking process and issued the first set of proposed rules (“Emergency Rules”), which are scheduled to remain in effect through January 31, 2020. On December 2, 2019, the agency held a meeting for public comments to discuss the proposed final rules, but these rules won’t be adopted for at least a few more weeks – at least not until the Emergency Rules expire.

Both the Emergency Rules and proposed final rules require state extractors, processors, manufacturers and wholesalers to secure a permit from the NMED and meet certain manufacturing requirements to operate a hemp facility where hemp finished products intended “for human ingestion, absorption, or smokable products” are produced.

Note, however, that the proposed final rules intend to remove “food, food additives and herbs” from the definition of hemp finished product.” This suggests that the NMED wants to align its rules with the Food and Drug Administration’s policy on the sale and marketing of these products.

But for the time being, the manufacture, sale and marketing of food products seems allowed. Pursuant to House Bill 581 and the Emergency Rules, products intended for human consumption by eating or drinking are subject to the provisions of the Food Service Sanitation Act and the New Mexico Food Act (“NMFA”) but are not deemed adulterated. These products must also meet applicable labeling requirement in the NMFA and 21 C.F.R. 101 et seq. (food labeling).

The sale and marketing of smokables and cosmetics is not expressly authorized nor restricted but the Emergency Rules and proposed final rules mandate that these products meet applicable federal labeling requirements.

In addition to meeting federal labeling requirements, all categories of products must meet certain labeling and marketing requirements, including but not limited to:

Clearly identity on the front display panel:
1. CBD content in the package, labeled in milligram; and
2. Total THC content in the package, labeled in milligrams.
Unless otherwise approved, statements representing or inferring a hemp finished product contains no THC are prohibited.
Hemp facilities shall design, maintain and use a coding system that will identify the date and place of manufacture of each hemp product that shall be clearly visible on the product label or securely affixed to the body of the container.
No more than 0.3% Total THC concentration and meet other specific testing requirements.
Contain no health, medical or benefit claims on the label.

Therefore, for the time being, New Mexico seems rather friendly toward the manufacture, sale and marketing of Hemp-CBD products. This could always change once the proposed final rules go into effect.

Si quieres consultar los artículos anteriores de esta serie, echa un vistazo a los enlaces que aparecen a continuación: