随着今年2月28日第004-2023-SA号最高法令（Decreto Supremo）的颁布，秘鲁出台了关于医用大麻使用的新规定。该法令批准了《关于大麻及其衍生物医用和治疗用途的监管条例》（Reglamento que regula el uso medicinal y terapéutico del cannabis y sus derivados）。 该条例旨在落实第30681号法律和第31312号法律的相关规定。
The Regulation details the requirements to obtain the different types of cannabis licenses available. Licenses to import cannabis and/or market cannabis derivatives may be granted to pharmaceutical laboratories and droguerías, duly authorized to operate by the Peruvian government. While in some Spanish-speaking countries the term droguería could mean a drugstore, in Peru it is legally defined as a "pharmaceutical establishment, which is dedicated to the import, export, marketing, quality control, storage and/or distribution of pharmaceutical products, medical devices and medical devices."
作为申请流程的一部分，申请人必须声明，其仅向其他持牌实体（如药房及类似企业）销售大麻或其衍生物，且这些实体须同样获得秘鲁政府的正式运营授权。此类企业虽无法合法将大麻进口至秘鲁境内，但可申请销售大麻衍生物的许可证。
In line with the framework in some other Latin American countries, such as Colombia and Ecuador, cannabis is classified as "psychoactive" (Cannabis psicoactivo) or "non-psychoactive" (Cannabis no psicoactivo), depending on the THC content. Psychoactive cannabis is that whose THC content is equal to or exceeds 1%. The Regulation contemplates the use of both psychoactive and non-psychoactive cannabis for medical and therapeutic purposes. As such, both types of cannabis may be imported into Peru under the Regulation. Importers of psychoactive cannabis, however, must obtain an import certificate from the General Directorate of Drugs, Supplies and Drugs (DIGEMID).
该条例还规定了其他类型的许可证，虽然这些许可证对外国大麻企业而言可能兴趣有限，但对秘鲁的利益相关方却至关重要。其中包括大麻衍生物的生产许可证，该许可证可能包含种植大麻的授权。此外，经认证的患者协会也可申请许可证。该条例还对患者的大麻处方提出了具体要求。
考虑到秘鲁紧张的政治环境，政府宫能腾出精力来处理这项法规本身就令人惊叹。身处困境的迪娜·博卢阿尔特总统是否正试图通过呼吁医用大麻患者来巩固政府的支持？ 我们未发现任何此类策略的迹象，这倒也好，毕竟至少部分患者对新规并不满意。不过，那些准备利用医用大麻市场机遇的企业或许会更加欣喜。
