Surreal scene of faceless figures at a table signing a Letter of Intent, surrounded by melting clocks, scales, charts, and large pens—a symbolic depiction of buying a business in the U.S.—with a contract on a pedestal in the background.

Buying a Business in the U.S., Part 4: Letters of Intent (LOIs)

Buying a Business in the U.S., Part 4: Letters of Intent (LOIs) In business purchase negotiations, parties often execute an early‑stage document called a letter of intent (“LOI”). You may also see it called a term sheet or even a memorandum of understanding (“MOU”). The label matters less than the document’s language and the parties’

A man on a hill overlooks a busy village with people and animals; storm clouds and smoke—much like the looming risks of lawsuits for businesses—rise in the distant background.

The Lawsuits I See Coming a Mile Away, and the One You're Walking Into Now

The Lawsuits I See Coming, and the One You're Walking Into Now After years litigating business disputes, you stop hearing new stories. A client calls, starts in on what happened, and within a few minutes I can usually see where it is headed, because I have watched the same handful of mistakes produce the same

Two people in trench coats and hats exchange documents labeled “NDA” and “Data Room” in an office filled with files, a briefcase, a magnifying glass, and a checklist on the wall.

Buying a Business in the U.S., Part 3: Nondisclosure Agreements

I recently wrote about how to find businesses for sale, and how to price them. Today I’ll discuss the very first contract typically signed by a buyer and seller in the life cycle of a small or closely-held business acquisition: the non-disclosure agreement (NDA). In nearly all deals outside of the straight “investment” or VC

A man in a dark coat stands on a rocky peak, holding papers, and looks out over a misty, mountainous landscape under a cloudy sky.

Should Your Business Sue? Seven Questions to Ask Before Filing a Lawsuit

Should Your Business Sue? Seven Questions to Ask Before Filing a Lawsuit A strong legal claim can still be a bad lawsuit. A customer refuses to pay, a partner diverts business to a side venture, or a former employee leaves with confidential information. Any of these may support a claim, but that does not settle

A lawyer addresses the judge and jury in a crowded courtroom, with a witness on the stand and a court reporter typing.

United States Litigation for Business Owners: The 101

Business Litigation: What It Costs, How Long It Takes, and When It Makes Sense At some point in a serious business dispute, someone says, “Maybe we should sue.” The suggestion usually comes after months of frustration. A customer has stopped paying. A partner walked out with the client list and half the staff. A supplier

A man sits at a desk reviewing papers, with a calculator, coffee mug, and business valuation folder, in an office overlooking a sunny street with shops.

Buying a Business in the U.S., Part 2: How to Price Them

“Price is what you pay. Value is what you get.” Warren Buffett said that. Buffett was talking about public companies, of course, but his maxim applies equally to purchases of small and closely-held business. Generally speaking, the lower the price, the better the value—if a buyer does their diligence, and assuming no fraud. At its

A woman at a desk reviews logistics on a laptop, with a U.S. map, business photos, graphs, and a van, suggesting business planning and distribution analysis.

Buying a Business in the U.S., Part 1: How to Find Them

Buying a Business in the U.S., Part 1: How to Find Them Welcome to the first installment in a series on buying a business in the U.S. This post explains how to find business purchase opportunities, for anyone interested in owning a small or closely-held business. In future posts, I’ll cover how small businesses are

Two businesspeople stand before a colorful U.S. map with highlighted states, a shipping container ship, an open book, a globe, and a city skyline—symbolizing company formation and nationwide business opportunities.

Doing Business in the U.S.: Choosing a State of Formation

Choosing a state of formation for doing business in the U.S. We work with many international companies and entrepreneurs doing business in the United States. For anyone entering the U.S. market, choosing a state of formation is a threshold decision— one that carries significant legal and tax implications. And while a handful of states are

A surreal scene with melting clocks on a scale, ancient coins, documents, and stamps on a table; classical ruins and statues appear in the background under a dramatic sky.

Spain Legal Fees, Court Costs, and Litigation Budgets: A Guide for Foreign Companies

Spain Legal Fees, Court Costs, and Litigation Budgets: A 2026 Guide for Foreign Companies Foreign companies entering Spain usually ask first what a Spanish lawyer charges. That is the wrong starting point. The better question is what the matter will cost from start to finish. A Spain-related project can involve attorney fees, notary and Commercial

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